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The main secret of the most powerful crusader king: is it true that Saint Louis died of scurvy
The main secret of the most powerful crusader king: is it true that Saint Louis died of scurvy

Video: The main secret of the most powerful crusader king: is it true that Saint Louis died of scurvy

Video: The main secret of the most powerful crusader king: is it true that Saint Louis died of scurvy
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Louis IX, also called Saint Louis, is recognized as the most powerful king of his time in Europe. He selflessly did everything to ensure that peace and justice would prevail. Louis IX saw his royal power not as an opportunity to conquer others, to use it for personal enrichment or to satisfy his vanity. The king believed that his duty was to serve the Church and lead his people to eternal salvation. Why is the death of the holy king considered mysterious? And what discovery did scientists make in the summer of 2019?

Biography of Louis IX

Illuminated manuscript - XIII century. Blanca of Castile and Saint Louis. Paris, France, between 1227-1234
Illuminated manuscript - XIII century. Blanca of Castile and Saint Louis. Paris, France, between 1227-1234

Louis IX was king of France from 1226 to 1270. He is considered one of the greatest French kings. Born April 25, 1214, was the eldest of 12 children of Louis VIII and Blanca of Castile. Louis IX was a tall, handsome, fair-haired and energetic prince. His deeply religious mother raised her son as a Christian believer. It is not surprising that he subsequently applied Christian principles both in his public activities and in his personal life. Louis was only 12 years old when he became king. His Spanish mother, who had lived in France since the age of 12, was regent until Louis IX took over at the age of 21.

"Saint Louis, King of France, with a Page" painting by El Greco (1590)
"Saint Louis, King of France, with a Page" painting by El Greco (1590)

The main achievements of the king

Infographics: Louis IX
Infographics: Louis IX

- Louis IX created a moral code that guided his officials. - Saint Louis forbade prostitution, gambling, blasphemy and dueling. - In an era when the value of minting was very different, he issued gold and silver coins that helped establish a uniform minting throughout the kingdom - He made two crusades - His charity was as widely known as his sense of justice. He founded abbeys, monasteries, hospitals and almshouses for the poor.

"Portrait of Louis IX, King of France" (1801), J. Wilkes
"Portrait of Louis IX, King of France" (1801), J. Wilkes

His efforts to ensure justice and to be accessible to all made Louis widely known not only in his own country. He was often approached by foreign kings and princes to resolve international disputes. For example, Louis was called in 1264 to resolve a dispute between Henry III of England and his barons. Thus, his just and successful political activities made him the most powerful king in Western Europe.

King Louis IX holds court in the Bois de Vincennes
King Louis IX holds court in the Bois de Vincennes

Crusades

As mentioned above, Saint Louis made two crusades. In 1244, he decided to lead a crusade to reclaim Jerusalem. Louis's campaign is considered the most organized and financed of all the crusades. His plan was to inflict such damage on Egypt that he himself ceded Jerusalem to him.

On June 5, 1249, the king's army captured Damietta the day after the landing in Egypt. But the brother of Louis IX, Robert Artois, persuaded him to go to Cairo, and not to Alexandria. This was an insidious mistake. Louis IX's army of 15,000 was trapped. The Nile supplies were cut off, and his army was weakened by death and disease. Therefore, Louis had to abandon Damietta. On the way, Louis and his army were captured and detained for ransom. After his release, Louis spent 4 years in Palestine, where he built fortifications and tried to save the Kingdom of Jerusalem. But he was forced to return to France in 1254.

Portraits of Louis IX
Portraits of Louis IX

The failure of the first crusade prompted Louis to try again. The original plan of the trip was aimed at an attack on Tunisia by Louis' brother Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily. About 10,000 crusaders landed in July 1270. However, this cross was not crowned with success. Just 2 months later, Louis fell ill and died. Charles of Anjou made a profitable peace and returned with the remains of his beloved king, whom all Europe mourned. He was canonized by Pope Boniface VIII in 1297.

Louis IX Saint in battle (fragment of painting by E. Delacroix, 1837) / Death of King Louis IX of France Saint
Louis IX Saint in battle (fragment of painting by E. Delacroix, 1837) / Death of King Louis IX of France Saint

Mysterious cause of death

Just a year ago, experts made an amazing discovery. They claim that a French crusader died of scurvy. The reason could be that he refused to eat local cuisine in Africa. The king was on an unbalanced diet, which led to a vitamin C deficiency. It was previously believed that the king died of the plague. However, according to the researchers, rumors of death from the plague are greatly exaggerated. According to medical experts, the French crusader king could have died from scurvy, or at least from complications associated with diet. Thus, Louis IX made the mistake of many colonial invaders by not eating local food.

A fragment of the king's jawbone stored in Notre Dame Cathedral
A fragment of the king's jawbone stored in Notre Dame Cathedral

To conduct these studies, experts used a fragment of the king's jaw stored in Notre Dame Cathedral. It showed signs of damage to the gums and jaw, corresponding to the devastating effects of scurvy. By the way, Saint Louis's crusade to Tunisia - a land rich in citrus fruits and vegetables that would help him prevent this disease - was his last attempt to return the Holy Land to Christians.

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