Video: Great terror: famous Russian artists who became victims of Stalin's repressions
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
The "Great Terror" is the name given to the period of the most massive Stalinist repressions and political persecution in 1937-1938. Then many prominent figures of culture and art were arrested, and only a few managed to survive and withstand these terrible times. The number of victims of the Great Terror was about 1 million. Among the repressed were famous Russian artists.
People's Artist of the USSR Georgy Zhzhenov was repressed twice: in 1938 he was arrested for espionage, for which he served time in Magadan until 1945, and in 1949 he was again exiled, this time to Norillag (Norilsk Forced Labor Camp). The charges were fabricated on a random occasion: once Zhzhenov was on his way to the shooting of a film in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and on the train he met an American diplomat. Communication with him was enough for him to be accused of espionage. The artist was fully rehabilitated only in 1955. After that, Zhzhenov played more than 100 roles in the theater and became one of the most popular film actors. Films with his participation have become classics of Soviet cinema.
People's Artist of the RSFSR Pyotr Velyaminov spent 9 years in the camps. He was arrested at the age of 16 on charges of “participating in the anti-Soviet organization Revival of Russia”. The actor came from an ancient noble family, known from the 11th century. Among his ancestors were heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, whose portraits are in the Hermitage. In 1932, his father was arrested as a former officer of the tsarist army, and 10 years later, his mother and Peter himself were repressed. The actor was released in 1952, after which he played in the theater and in the cinema. His most famous works are his roles in the films Shadows Fade at Noon and The Eternal Call. Velyaminov was rehabilitated only in 1983.
Actor, director, People's Artist of the RSFSR Vsevolod Meyerhold also fell victim to Stalin's repressions. He was arrested in 1939. After 3 weeks of interrogation, accompanied by torture, he signed the testimony required by the investigation, and on the night of February 2–3, 1940, he was shot in the Butyrka prison in Moscow on the verdict of the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court. Rehabilitated posthumously in 1955.
Natalya Sats, People's Artist of the USSR, director, founder of the Moscow Children's Musical Theater, was arrested in 1937 as a member of the family of a traitor to the Motherland. Her husband, the People's Commissar for Internal Trade of the USSR, was shot, she spent 5 years in the camps. After her release, she had no right to live and work in Moscow, so she left for Alma-Ata, created a theater studio there, later on the basis of this studio the first Kazakh Youth Theater was founded. After rehabilitation in the late 1950s, she again worked in Moscow.
Soviet theater and film actor Nikolai Romanov, known for his role as the chief of smugglers in the film "The Diamond Arm", was arrested back in 1932. He was sentenced to 5 years and sent to a camp on the White Sea Canal. In 1935 he was released early. Only in the late 1950s he was able to settle in Moscow, and after rehabilitation in 1961, Romanov was admitted to the film studio. Gorky, where he worked until 1972.
People's Artist of the USSR Alexei Dikiy was arrested in 1937 on a denunciation and sentenced to 5 years in prison. He served his sentence in the Usollag of the NKVD, was released in 1941. After his release, he became a five-time winner of the Stalin Prize, and twice - for playing the role of Stalin in the films "Third Impact" and "Battle of Stalingrad".
Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR, hereditary noblewoman Maria Kapnist spent 15 years in the camps. Countess Kapnist, having gone through the horrors of repression, retained her dignity and faith in people
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