Damask swords: the most valuable weapon of knights in ancient Russia
Damask swords: the most valuable weapon of knights in ancient Russia

Video: Damask swords: the most valuable weapon of knights in ancient Russia

Video: Damask swords: the most valuable weapon of knights in ancient Russia
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Damask sword. Stylization
Damask sword. Stylization

When the conversation turns to warriors in Russia, the imagination immediately draws powerful epic heroes in chain mail and with swords in their hands. Damask swords were valued not only by Slavic knights, but also far beyond the borders of Russia. They were highly durable, could cut through silk scarves on the fly, and almost doubled without breaking.

Damask sword IX-X centuries
Damask sword IX-X centuries

Modern scholars divide Slavic swords of the 9th-11th centuries into several types, but basically the weapon differed in the shape of the handle and crosspiece. The blades were made almost the same: 90-100 cm long, 5-4 cm wide and the handle, and about 4 mm thick. Towards the end, the blades narrowed. Along the canvas on both sides there were valleys, which are mistakenly called "bloodletting". The dales served to lighten the weight of the sword, but over time they disappeared.

Handles of Slavic swords
Handles of Slavic swords

Swords were not given to all warriors. Not everyone could afford this type of weapon because of its high cost. In addition, the possession of a sword required certain professional skills. In Russia, blades of the 10th century weighed up to 1.5 kg.

Damascus steel drawing
Damascus steel drawing

Damask swords, which were mentioned by epic storytellers, came to Russia from Damascus. Bulat is a special type of steel with a carbon content of more than 1% and its uneven distribution in the metal. The high strength of damask steel was truly amazing. Its blades could cut through iron and steel. And if you bend a product made of damask steel, then it did not even think to break. Everything would be fine, only the peculiarities of the Russian climate did not fit. During severe frosts, it was unusable.

Damask blades
Damask blades

Slavic masters found a way out. They took rods of iron and damask steel, twisted them together and forged, then folded, cut lengthwise and forged again. And so many times. The resulting steel made it possible to make swords thin, while maintaining strength. Such blades easily cut through mail and armor, usually made of lower grade metal.

Sheath of a Slavic damask sword
Sheath of a Slavic damask sword

Modern experts note that such technologies for making blades testify to the extraordinary skill of blacksmiths of the 9th-11th centuries. Therefore, one should not think that our ancestors could only make “simple iron objects”.

Handles with ornaments
Handles with ornaments

To determine how good a sword is, the customer first listened to the ringing that emanated from the blade after clicking fingers on it. The higher the sound, the better the damask was considered. Then you had to put the sword on your head and pull it to your ears by the ends. Good blades did not bend or break. In the end, whoever wants to acquire a blade, tried it for its sharpness. Usually, a thick nail was cut with a sword or a strip of cloth was thrown onto the blade, while it was cut. In subsequent centuries, the length and weight of the sword changed depending on the change in the weight of the armor. Then the sword was replaced by other types of weapons. Well, damask swords are inextricably associated with with the most famous epic heroes.

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