Russian popular print of the 19th century from the tsarist libraries, sold to foreigners by the Bolsheviks for a pittance
Russian popular print of the 19th century from the tsarist libraries, sold to foreigners by the Bolsheviks for a pittance

Video: Russian popular print of the 19th century from the tsarist libraries, sold to foreigners by the Bolsheviks for a pittance

Video: Russian popular print of the 19th century from the tsarist libraries, sold to foreigners by the Bolsheviks for a pittance
Video: Gabriel Moreno - Drawing work in progress from his Russian Fragility series. - YouTube 2024, November
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Russian popular print of the 19th century
Russian popular print of the 19th century

More recently, the New York Public Library has digitized 19th century popular prints. They came to the United States during the mass sale of the collections of the imperial libraries by the Bolsheviks in 1930-1935. Thanks to the surviving copies, today you can see a whole layer of Russian folk art.

Nonsense for the laugh of the people for fun
Nonsense for the laugh of the people for fun

Handmade folk pictures are called popular prints. The images on them are deliberately simplified, and the plots are intended for mass distribution. Often not only pictures were shown on the popular print, but also explanations to them in the form of jokes, jokes or poems. It is from the popular prints that you can find out what people lived and were interested in in past centuries.

The wedding of Bear Clubfoot
The wedding of Bear Clubfoot
Steps of the human age
Steps of the human age

Some researchers still argue where the word "splint" came from. Some believe that this was the name of the pictures that were carved on linden wood planks ("bast"). Others insist that not planks were made of linden, but containers (bast boxes), into which these very pictures were carried and sold.

It is generally accepted that the popular print appeared in Russia in the 16th century. Initially, the pictures were called "fryazhsky sheets" or "amusing sheets", then "simple people". The first images were dominated by religious subjects, but due to their inexpensive cost, they soon began to be used for propaganda purposes. People liked wooden planks with moralizing stories or fairy-tale characters.

Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Funeral of the cat with rats and mice
Funeral of the cat with rats and mice

In the lubok there was also a place for political satire. So, Peter I at his funeral is presented as a cat, carried by mice.

Zhidovskaya tavern or Little Russian shinok
Zhidovskaya tavern or Little Russian shinok
This is how the merchants walk, they blow their peasants
This is how the merchants walk, they blow their peasants

A fairly large layer of popular prints ended up in the New York Public Library in 1930-1935. At that time, the Bolsheviks were mercilessly selling the treasures of the imperial palace libraries. In addition to popular prints, the New York library got priceless collections of books that once belonged to 30 members of the Romanov dynasty. Second-hand bookseller Hans Kraus wrote:

It's like in Moscow …
It's like in Moscow …
As God has commanded, it should be so
As God has commanded, it should be so
I flew into the pipe
I flew into the pipe

Lubok was popular not only in Russia, but also in Ukraine. In the 1910s. a series of Vasil Gulak's postcards has been printed with humorous "10 commandments for the unmarried".

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