Table of contents:
- Felix Dzerzhinsky and Sophia Mushkat
- Sergey Kirov and Maria Markus
- Kliment Voroshilov and Golda Gorbman
- Andrey Andreev and Dora Khazan
- Vyacheslav Molotov and Pearl Karpovskaya
- Yakov Dzhugashvili and Judith Melzer
- Nikolay Bukharin and Esther Gurvich
Video: 7 Soviet leaders, whose wives were girls from Jewish families
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the number of interethnic marriages in Russia increased sharply. Especially often Russian men began to marry Jewish women. However, this was a completely logical explanation: young people were attracted by the elusive exoticism of Jewish girls. In addition, in the revolutionary time, representatives of different nations were united by a common idea and a desire for a new, better, as it seemed then, world. And many leaders of the Soviet era, without a shadow of a doubt, took Jewish women as their wives.
Felix Dzerzhinsky and Sophia Mushkat
She was born in Warsaw into a Polish-Jewish family, was left without a mother early and, while still a student, was carried away by revolutionary ideas, becoming a member of the RSDLP (b) in 1905, after graduating from the Warsaw Conservatory. The same 1905 was marked for Sophia and her acquaintance with Felix Dzerzhinsky, whose wife she would become after 4 years. Their common son was born in 1911 in the Serbia prison, where Sofia Sigismundovna was kept for her revolutionary activities. After the death of her husband in 1926, she continued to live in the Kremlin until 1961. She lived 42 years after the departure of Felix Dzerzhinsky, buried her son in 1960, she herself died in 1968.
Sergey Kirov and Maria Markus
Sergey Kirov and Maria Markus met in Vladikavkaz, where Kirov worked for the Terek newspaper. In 1911, Maria actually became his wife. In order to conclude a legal marriage with Kirov in tsarist Russia, Mary had to renounce her own faith and convert to Orthodoxy, but she categorically refused to be baptized. After Kirov's murder in 1934, his widow was put on full state support, and then she lost her mind and was placed in a psychiatric clinic. She died in 1945 from bilateral pneumonia.
Kliment Voroshilov and Golda Gorbman
They met during their exile in the Arkhangelsk region. Before meeting with Klim Voroshilov, Golda Gorbman had an unsuccessful romance with Abel Yenukidze, as a result of which she had to get rid of pregnancy and permanently lose the opportunity to have children. But Kliment Voroshilov managed not only to heal the wounded heart of his beloved, but also to make her believe in bright feelings again. For the sake of a loved one, Golda converted to Orthodoxy, receiving the name Catherine at baptism. Clement and Ekaterina Voroshilov lived together all their lives, and once the husband had to defend his wife from arrest with a weapon in his hands. Despite the fact that Ekaterina Davidovna changed her religion, she always remembered her roots.
Andrey Andreev and Dora Khazan
Dora Moiseevna, the wife of a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, not only had extensive experience in revolutionary work underground in Revel, but was also sentenced to life in Siberia for her activities. In addition, Dora Khazan was friends with Stalin's wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva and even after her death she entered the leader's house, had the opportunity to communicate with his children. However, later the leader did everything so that Dora Moiseevna no longer appeared in his house and did not meet with the children.
Vyacheslav Molotov and Pearl Karpovskaya
The future wife of Vyacheslav Molotov joined the RCP (b) back in 1918, was recruited into the Red Army, where she was a political worker and at the same time was in charge of the club. Later she changed her name, becoming Polina Zhemchuzhina. At one of the party meetings in 1921, she met Molotov and never returned to Zaporozhye, where she lived and worked. Polina Zhemchuzhina managed to make a brilliant career, at one time she held the post of people's commissar of the fishing industry, although her husband was against this appointment. During the Great Patriotic War, she was an active member of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee.
In 1948, after a conversation with Golda Meir, Israel's ambassador, fell into disgrace. In December, she was expelled from the party, and in early 1949, Polina Semyonovna was arrested on charges of being associated with Jewish nationalists. After Stalin's death, she was released and fully rehabilitated on the personal order of Lavrenty Beria. Despite the repressions, she remained loyal to the party and personally to Stalin, about whom she spoke with great respect until the end of her days.
Yakov Dzhugashvili and Judith Melzer
Yakov Dzhugashvili was 28 years old when he met a very beautiful dancer. Everyone called Judith Meltzer Julia and noted her amazing appearance. She became a caring and faithful wife to the leader's eldest son, happily looked after him and took care of her everyday life. In 1938, the daughter of Yakov and Yulia Galina was born. Galina accompanied her spouse to the front in June 1941, and in mid-July he was captured by the enemy. Stalin in the fall of the same year ordered the arrest of his own daughter-in-law, and she spent more than a year and a half in prison. Stalin also ordered her release, making sure that Yakov did not voluntarily surrender. The time spent in prison was not in vain for Yulia Melzer: she was ill for a long time, and then died.
Nikolay Bukharin and Esther Gurvich
Esther Gurvich was in a civil marriage with Bukharin for almost 9 years, gave birth to his daughter Svetlana, and after a divorce in 1929 she disowned her ex-husband because of the danger of arrest. Esfir Isaevna and her daughter Svetlana in 1949 were arrested and sentenced to 10 and five years in camps, rehabilitated after Stalin's death in 1956.
The list of Jewish wives of Soviet leaders is endless. Lunacharsky, Yezhov, Kuibyshev, Rykov and many other party leaders were married to girls from Jewish families. It is unlikely that this speaks of a conspiracy, rumors about which from time to time are circulated in the press. Rather, it is just a confirmation that Jewish women are wonderful wives and companions.
The Soviet Union has always prided itself on being a multinational country. Friendship between peoples was cultivated, and nationalism was condemned. An exception was made with regard to the Jews - history has left us many examples of anti-Semitism in the USSR. This policy was never directly declared, but in reality the Jews had a hard time.
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