Muse of besieged Leningrad: the tragic fate of the poetess Olga Berggolts
Muse of besieged Leningrad: the tragic fate of the poetess Olga Berggolts

Video: Muse of besieged Leningrad: the tragic fate of the poetess Olga Berggolts

Video: Muse of besieged Leningrad: the tragic fate of the poetess Olga Berggolts
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Olga Berggolts
Olga Berggolts

May 16 marks 108 years since the birth of the famous Soviet poetess Olga Berggolts … She was called "the besieged Madonna" and "the muse of besieged Leningrad", since during the Second World War she worked in the House of Radio, and her voice in many instilled hope and faith in salvation. She owns the lines carved on the granite of the Piskarevsky memorial: "Nobody is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten." The poetess had a chance to survive the death of loved ones, repression, blockade, war and die in peacetime, in complete loneliness and oblivion.

Olga Berggolts and her parents
Olga Berggolts and her parents

Olga was born in 1910 in St. Petersburg in the family of a surgeon. She began writing poetry in childhood, and from the age of 15 she was actively published. When Korney Chukovsky first heard her poems, he said: “Well, what a good girl! Comrades, this will eventually become a real poet."

Boris Kornilov and Olga Berggolts
Boris Kornilov and Olga Berggolts

In the literary association of working youth "Smena" Olga met the young poet Boris Kornilov and married him, and soon they had a daughter, Irina. After graduating from the Faculty of Philology of Leningrad University, Olga worked as a correspondent for the newspaper "Soviet Step" in Kazakhstan, where she was sent on assignment. At the same time, her marriage to Kornilov broke up. And in the life of Berggolts, another man appeared - classmate Nikolai Molchanov. They married in 1932 and had a daughter, Maya.

Olga Berggolts (third from left in the second row) with students of the Faculty of Philology
Olga Berggolts (third from left in the second row) with students of the Faculty of Philology
Nikolay Molchanov and Olga Berggolts
Nikolay Molchanov and Olga Berggolts

And then misfortune fell upon the family, which since then seemed to have pursued Olga Berggolts. In 1934, her daughter Maya died, and 2 years later, Irina. In 1937 Boris Kornilov was declared an enemy of the people on an absurd reason, and Olga, as his ex-wife "for being in touch with an enemy of the people", was expelled from the Writers' Union and fired from the newspaper. Soon Boris Kornilov was shot, only in 1957 it was admitted that his case had been falsified. Lydia Chukovskaya wrote that "troubles followed on her heels."

A poetess who has suffered many ordeals
A poetess who has suffered many ordeals
Muse of besieged Leningrad
Muse of besieged Leningrad

In 1938, Olga Berggolts was arrested on false denunciation as "a member of the Trotskyist-Zinovievist organization and terrorist group." In prison, she lost another child - she was constantly beaten, demanding confessions to her involvement in terrorist activities. After that, she could no longer become a mother. Only in July 1939 was she released for lack of corpus delicti.

Falsely Arrested Poetess
Falsely Arrested Poetess

Months later, Olga wrote: “I have not yet returned from there. Remaining alone at home, I speak aloud with the investigator, with the commission, with the people - about the prison, about the shameful, concocted "my case." Everything responds to prison - poetry, events, conversations with people. She stands between me and life … They took out the soul, dug into it with smelly fingers, spat at it, shit, then put it back and say: "Live." Her lines turned out to be prophetic: And the path of a generation Is that simple - Look carefully: There are crosses behind. Around - a churchyard. And also crosses - ahead …

Muse of besieged Leningrad
Muse of besieged Leningrad
Olga Berggolts
Olga Berggolts

In 1941, the Great Patriotic War began, and at the beginning of 1942 her husband died. Olga remained in besieged Leningrad and worked on the radio, becoming the voice of the besieged city. It was then that her poetic talent manifested itself in full force. She gave hope, supported and saved many people. She was called the poet, personifying the resilience and courage of the Leningrad people, "the besieged Madonna", "the muse of the besieged Leningrad." It was she who became the author of the lines about "one hundred and twenty-five grams of blockade, with fire and blood in half."

Disgraced poetesses: Anna Akhmatova and Olga Berggolts, 1947
Disgraced poetesses: Anna Akhmatova and Olga Berggolts, 1947
A poetess who has suffered many ordeals
A poetess who has suffered many ordeals

But after the war, the poetess again found herself in disgrace: her books were withdrawn from libraries because she communicated with Anna Akhmatova, disagreeable to the authorities, and because of "the author's obsession with the questions of repression already resolved by the party." Olga felt broken and broken, in 1952 she even ended up in a psychiatric hospital due to alcohol addiction that had appeared before the war.

Muse of besieged Leningrad
Muse of besieged Leningrad
The bas-relief installed at the entrance to the House of Radio
The bas-relief installed at the entrance to the House of Radio

She passed away on November 13, 1975, abandoned and forgotten by everyone. Only in 2010 were her diaries published, in which she frankly wrote about her most difficult years - 1939-1949. The monument at her grave appeared only in 2005. And 10 years later, the muse of the besieged city, Olga Berggolts, was erected a monument in St. Petersburg.

Memorial plaque on the street Rubinstein, 7, where the poet lived
Memorial plaque on the street Rubinstein, 7, where the poet lived
Monument to the poetess Olga Berggolts in St. Petersburg
Monument to the poetess Olga Berggolts in St. Petersburg

And today her poems do not lose their relevance. "Answer": a poem by Olga Berggolts, inspiring hope

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