Table of contents:
- Not just a feminist, but a socialist
- A new woman who needs neither a husband nor family happiness
- Down with jealous females, give free love
- And what about herself, and who are the "lock in the face"?
Video: As the first Soviet female minister, Alexandra Kollontai "fought for free love and against jealous females."
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
Alexandra Kollontai is known as a revolutionary. She was the first female minister, diplomat, and, as they said at the beginning of the century, "the true builder of the communist society." However, this woman has established herself as a theoretician of feminism, and not simple, but the latest, Marxist. Read in the material how Kollontai imagined a new woman, why she called some of them "females", voted for free love. And how the struggle of this feminist ended as a result.
Not just a feminist, but a socialist
The surfing movement gained momentum in the early 20th century. This was the name given to the ladies who fought for the equalization of rights between men and women. This mainly concerned electoral rights. Bolshevik Kollontai attributed suffragists to "class alien elements." She even found for them a rather humiliating name - "equal rights".
This was because, according to Kollontai, equal rights with males is only the smallest measure. And the goal was to destroy bourgeois society to the ground and build a completely new, socialist one. When this is done, you can think about equality. But in a new, socialist society, a correspondingly renewed woman had to come.
A new woman who needs neither a husband nor family happiness
To be fair, it should be noted that the idea of a “new woman” was not invented by Alexandra Kollontai. Back in the 19th century, Turgenev, Chernyshevsky, Ibsen, Georges Sand described in their books strong-willed and purposeful heroines who strove for independence, tried to build their lives on their own. In Kollontai's works, one can find a call to abandon outdated models of behavior for women. At the same time, the principle of attribution to this category is very strict. Here came wives who endure adultery, ladies who feel great about being married, old maidens who are disappointed with their fate and women of indecent behavior.
According to the revolutionary, new women have no right to become dependent on the male sex, on the personal qualities of men and their relationship to the lady. They must fully devote themselves to the interests of society, putting the family in second place and fighting for their rights in the male world. Many feminine qualities that traditional society considered obligatory and worthy were subjected to disgrace. It's about sensitivity, gentleness, patience, the ability to yield, and others. They should have been condemned and forgotten. There is no woman-mother, wife, mistress. Yes - to the fighter and builder of communism. It is clear that Kollontai treated the family as a piece of antiquity, a pre-revolutionary concept, a way to enslave women. The revolutionary dreamed of something else. In the bright future, she believed, there would be no families, but only free love, and not between the sexes, but the one that should be experienced for work, society, and the team.
Down with jealous females, give free love
Kollontai believed that the outdated (essentially traditional) virtues that society cherished were needed only for easy manipulation by men. This should have ended! Therefore, the revolutionary developed a whole complex of the latest rules that women should adhere to.
So, the principles of behavior of the new socialist woman:
• Resist violence and despotism by all means. Protect your personality and avoid self-manipulation. • Be able to control emotions, constantly improve self-discipline. Not thinking about feelings, prioritizing work for the good of society. • Live independently, independently. Do not close in family boundaries, and also do not cultivate love. • Respectfully accept the freedom and feelings of others. In no case does not become a "jealous female" - it is unworthy. • Do not hide or suppress your physiology, but be able to exist with it. If love, then free.
In her works, Kollontai often referred to "er0s". At the same time, she divided this concept into two types - wingless and winged. To the first, she attributed physical relationships in the absence of emotional reciprocity. Such a connection had the right to exist in difficult times, for example, during wars and revolutions. That is, when people have no time to think about love. When with wings, according to Kollontai, it is a physical relationship based on emotions and mutual affection. His time will surely come, but only when a new, quieter time comes.
And what about herself, and who are the "lock in the face"?
And what about Kollontai herself, preaching free love? Her relationship between both species, regardless of the wings, was quite intense. This woman had enough partners for such a relationship. The most famous of them is sailor Pavel Dybenko. At one time, this man served as the People's Commissar for Maritime Affairs, and this often caused ridicule from his associates. The fact is that Kollontai and Dybenko often came somewhere together, and Alexandra was nicknamed the "Deputy" of the People's Commissar for Maritime Affairs, and in abbreviated form "Deputy People's Commissar for Mordels", and even shorter - "a lock on the face."
Dybenko was an uneducated, but very interesting man. He managed to charm Kollontai so much that all the principles of the "new woman" were forgotten by her. She married Paul. It is difficult to call this marriage successful. Dybenko did not differ in loyalty, and Kollontai, instead of following her ideas, suffered and cried. The couple soon divorced. It became clear that it was easy to shout about freedom and the absence of jealousy, but not every woman could follow such principles in real life.
Rosa Luxemburg and Clara Zetkin were probably the most famous women's rights activists during the Soviet era. Their images were actually canonized, which made it quite difficult to discern in the textbook fighters for equality of ordinary women, with all their passions and weaknesses. Although it is certainly impossible to call them ordinary, but in the personal life of each of them, revolutions were made worse than in the public one.
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