Table of contents:
- How he built a military career and how the contender for the French throne Louis Napoleon Bonaparte turned out to be an outcast
- What made the French prince go to Russia to serve in the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment
- Merits of Ludovik Iosifovich - Commander of the 1st Caucasian Cavalry Division
- Because of what Lieutenant General Bonaparte resigned and was forced to leave Russia
Video: For what merits Napoleon's grand-nephew received the order from the hands of Nicholas II
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
The French prince Louis Napoleon, the son of Napoleon Joseph and Clotilde of Savoy, served (and rose to the rank of general) in Russia - in the country with which his father's uncle Napoleon I fought in 1812. After the death of Napoleon IV in Africa, he became his successor, but very soon this status was replaced by another - the status of an outcast. Fearing monarchist conspiracies, the parliament of the French republic issued a decree expelling applicants for the throne from the country. One of the twists and turns of events that followed was the move of Prince Louis Napoleon to Russia.
How he built a military career and how the contender for the French throne Louis Napoleon Bonaparte turned out to be an outcast
In 1875, Napoleon Joseph returned to France with his children. Louis began his studies in one of the Parisian lyceums, settling in the house of Matilda Bonaparte, his aunt. She shone in the light with beauty and wealth, lived luxuriously on the money of her ex-husband (mega-rich Anatoly Demidov from a family of owners of Ural factories) and maintained the most fashionable salon in Paris, which brought together the best representatives of art and literature.
Louis successfully comprehends the charms of life under his aunt's wing, gradually turning into a secular rake. Joseph Napoleon, who was called the Red Prince because of his almost socialist views, takes his son out of this bohemian atmosphere and sends him to serve in the republican infantry regiment. The young military man serves in good faith, evenly.
Two years later, the direct heir to the throne through the Bonapartes, Eugene Louis, died in Africa. Joseph Napoleon himself was to become the successor in order of success, but because of his political views, Napoleon IV deprives him of this opportunity, appointing in a written order written before leaving for Africa, the heir to the throne of the son of the Red Prince - Victor. Prince Napoleon Joseph himself could not come to terms with this, he was in a quarrel with his son Victor all his life on this basis, and Louis Napoleon was appointed the successor of the right of succession to the throne.
But by this time the situation in the country had changed dramatically: not only did a direct descendant of Napoleon I die, but also Republican President Jules Grevy replaced the monarchist Marshal MacMahon in the Elysee Palace. Monarchist descendants of three branches - the Bourbons, Orleans and Bonapartes, in accordance with the newly issued law on families with claims to the throne, were expelled from France (in the republic they were afraid of the restoration of the monarchy). Prince Louis was no exception.
He went to Northern Italy to live with his mother. She followed her husband when he was sent into exile, but did not return to France with him (she could not get used to the customs of the Tuileries court and always felt lonely there) settled in her homeland in the castle of Moncalieri. After her divorce from Napoleon Joseph, she had been a nun in the Dominican order for many years and helped the disadvantaged. Soon, his uncle, King of Italy Umberto I, took custody of the prince. Louis Napoleon served in the Uhlan regiment. In 1890 he left for Russia, and he was enrolled in the service in the Nizhny Novgorod dragoon regiment.
What made the French prince go to Russia to serve in the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment
It is not known for certain what caused Prince Louis to move to Russia. Perhaps he moved there because he was a relative (albeit distant) of the Russian Emperor Alexander III: the grandmother of Prince Louis, Queen Catherine of Württemberg, was a cousin of two emperors - Alexander I and Nicholas I, since she was the daughter of Prince Frederick - Mary's brother Fedorovna, mother of both Russian emperors.
Louis was sent to Nizhny Novgorod to avoid claims from the French republican authorities: the emperor supports one of the representatives of the monarchical family, and this could be regarded as interference in the internal affairs of the republic. In 1891, after the death of his father, Louis became the heir to the property and received the right of succession to the throne. However, he was not eager for power, and he divided the inheritance in good conscience with his brother Victor.
In 1895, Louis Napoleon took command of the Dragoon regiment, and in 1897 he became the commander of the Life Guards Uhlan Regiment. By the beginning of the 20th century, Louis Bonaparte was part of the inner circle of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II. In 1900 he was awarded the rank of Major General, and in 1903 he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
Merits of Ludovik Iosifovich - Commander of the 1st Caucasian Cavalry Division
In 1902, Louis Napoleon was sent to serve in the Caucasus, where he took command of the famous cavalry division. He was one of those commanders who did not hide behind the backs of subordinates during hostilities.
In 1905, the country was in a fever of revolutionary sentiments. Ludovik Iosifovich Napoleon pacified the rioters in Chechnya and Dagestan, and at the end of 1905 harshly suppressed the unrest in the Georgian city of Kutaisi, for which he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. He was soon appointed Governor-General of Yerevan. But he did not stay in this post for long.
Because of what Lieutenant General Bonaparte resigned and was forced to leave Russia
But the relationship of Louis-Napoleon with the governor of the tsar in the Caucasus, Vorontsov-Dashkov, did not work out. He saw him as a competitor and, as a person more sophisticated in matters of this kind, made every effort to "survive" the Frenchman from the region.
In addition, Louis-Napoleon needed to settle matters with the inheritance left to him after the death of Princess Matilda in 1904. At the end of 1906 Ludovik Iosifovich Napoleon resigned and left for Europe.
In 1914, the general again served in the Russian army, but already in the General Staff in Italy (since she sided with the Entente), where he headed the emperor's office. After 1917, Prince Louis lived in Switzerland (escaped with the retreating army of Wrangel) and traveled a lot. In 1926, after the death of his brother Victor, he adopted his children (Louis had no children of his own). In 1932 he died, a little before his seventieth birthday.
But many Europeans sought to get into service in the Russian army.
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