Video: Little-known facts about Nadezhda Krupskaya: What happened in her life, except for Lenin and the revolution
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
Nadezhda Krupskaya is still one of the most mysterious and controversial figures in Russian history. It is widely known that she was Lenin's wife and comrade-in-arms, and that she actively participated in the preparation of the revolution. This is what most of our contemporaries have about her. However, she was in herself an extraordinary personality, an organizer of public education, a fighter against the total illiteracy of the population. For what thousands of mothers were grateful to her, and what she did for the children - further in the review.
Nadezhda Krupskaya was born in 1869 into the family of an impoverished nobleman. Despite the cramped material conditions, her parents gave her a good education at the gymnasium of Princess Obolenskaya. During the Soviet era, all sources claimed that Krupskaya was a diligent student and graduated from high school with a gold medal, but this information has not been documented. And she herself in the book "My Life" mentioned that she was bored to study, and the classes were very difficult to progress. After high school, she entered the Bestuzhev courses in St. Petersburg, but did not study there for long, carried away by the ideas of Marxism and left her studies.
Despite her incomplete education, Krupskaya was a very well-read and intelligent woman. She gave private lessons, taught Sunday night school for adults, and spent her entire life educating herself, having studied a lot of literature on pedagogy. In 1898 she married Lenin and then confessed: "". Krupskaya really has always been, first of all, a friend and ally of her husband, but at the same time she did not completely dissolve in him, remaining true to her own views and interests.
All her life, Krupskaya was actively engaged in theoretical and pedagogical work, having written many works on the upbringing and education of children. During her emigration, she studied a lot of literature on pedagogy and education, got acquainted with the organization of preschool and school education in France and Switzerland, in 1915 she wrote the book "Public Education and Democracy", where she defended the idea of the need for polytechnic education. After the revolution, she took up work on public education, in 1920 she became chairman of the Glavpolitprosvet under the People's Commissariat for Education, in 1929 she took the post of deputy. People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR, she was even called "the soul of Nakrompros."
She loved children very much, although she did not have her own, and did a lot for them. In her autobiographical book "My Life" she wrote: "". Krupskaya fought against child homelessness, organized hundreds of kindergartens and schools, libraries and centers for the elimination of illiteracy, schools for adults, which helped to overcome the total illiteracy of the population. She participated in the development of documents on public education, the main principles of which she considered free, general accessibility and compulsory general education up to 17 years old, providing schoolchildren with food, clothing and teaching aids at the expense of the state.
She wrote: "".
In addition, Krupskaya actively fought for the emancipation of women in society. Interesting is her position on abortions, which were previously pursued by severe punishments: "". Krupskaya advocated the abolition of abortion penalties and the improvement of the economic and social status of women.
She is usually portrayed as an asexual woman with an unattractive appearance, fully devoted to public life. She herself understood that she was not a beauty, and once said to her mother: "". Even Lenin gave the bride the party nicknames "Fish" and "Lamprey". In fact, in her youth she was pretty pretty, but her appearance suffered from Graves' disease. For the same reason, Krupskaya could not have children. And the happiest time in her life she called the years of exile in Shushenskoye together with Lenin: "".
Many biographers draw attention to the fact that Krupskaya was an amazingly wise, restrained and patient woman. Having no children of her own, at the request of her husband, she took upon herself the care of the children of his mistress Inessa Armand after her death. Until the end of her days, she kept in touch with them and exchanged letters.
And the most non-standard first lady of the USSR is called another extraordinary woman: Why the appearance of Khrushchev's wife in Europe caused a stir.
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