Table of contents:
- Mikhailo Lomonosov - a peasant striving for knowledge or a tsar's son
- Lomonosov's discoveries in physics and chemistry
- Lomonosov unraveled the secret of Roman mosaics
- Lomonosov's discoveries in astronomy
- Lomonosov and the Russian language
- Lomonosov and alchemy
Video: Mikhailo Lomonosov - Russian man who overtook enlightened Europe
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
Perhaps, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin said about this man most accurately: "". These are the words of the great Russian poet about the genius son of the Russian people Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, whose numerous discoveries in the field of physics, chemistry, astronomy and other sciences were several decades ahead of the discoveries of Western European scientists.
Mikhailo Lomonosov - a peasant striving for knowledge or a tsar's son
Mikhailo Lomonosov was born on November 19, 1711 into a peasant family in the village of Mishaninskaya (today the village of Lomonosov) on the shores of the White Sea. At the age of 10, he already went fishing. At the age of 19, he left with a fish train to Moscow, passed himself off as a noble's son and became a student at the Moscow Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy at the Zaikonospassky monastery. In 1735, among 12 excellent students, he was sent to continue his studies at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and a year later, as one of the three most capable students, to the Academy of Sciences in Germany, where he studied physics, mathematics, chemistry, philosophy for 5 years. and metallurgy.
However, today there is another version according to which Mikhail Vasilyevich is actually Mikhail Petrovich, the son of the first Russian emperor Peter I. Adherents of this version say that the tsar was not far from Kholmogory when he worked at shipyards in Arhagelsk, and namely this, allegedly, explains the fact of Lomonosov's admission to the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy and his further success in the sciences.
Whether it is otherwise, but in 1748, according to the drawings of Professor Lomonosov, a laboratory was built in St. Petersburg, and it was here that the great scientist made the main discoveries.
Lomonosov's discoveries in physics and chemistry
Lomonosov was especially attracted by chemistry and physics. The Russian scientist holds the first place in the world in the history of the law of conservation of energy and mass. It was Lomonosov who in 1748 in his new laboratory discovered one of the fundamental laws of nature - the law of conservation of matter. This law was published only 12 years later. Lomonosov was the first to formulate the foundations of the kinetic theory of gases, although today many associate this discovery with the name of Bernoulli.
Mikhail Vasilyevich argued that any body consists of the smallest particles - atoms and molecules, which move slower when cooled, and faster when heated. Lomonosov discovered the secret of thunderstorms, the nature of the aurora borealis and was even able to estimate their height. He owns the conjecture about vertical atmospheric currents and the original theory of colors.
Lomonosov unraveled the secret of Roman mosaics
In the early 1750s, Lomonosov showed particular interest in mosaics, bead and glass factories. The scientist took from the state an interest-free loan of 4 thousand rubles for 5 years, and he himself founded the factory, personally supervised the construction and eventually managed to return the lost ancient Russian art of mosaics to Russia. At the same time, Lomonosov proposed his own technique for making mosaic sets: if Western masters collected mosaics with thin smalt plates, then Lomonosov - with 4-sided bars of different sections, which ensured strength.
Mosaic portraits of Peter I, portraits of Elizabeth Petrovna, Anna Petrovna and other monarchs were created at the Lomonosov factory. One of the most famous works performed under the direction of MV Lomonosov is "The Battle of Poltava" (1764).
"," - wrote Lomonosov, and time has confirmed the correctness of the scientist's words.
Lomonosov's discoveries in astronomy
Another passion of Lomonosov is astronomy. In an effort to invent an effective tool for penetrating the secrets of the Universe, Mikhailo Vasilyevich created a fundamentally new type of telescope for those times - a reflector telescope. It had only one mirror, but it was thanks to this that the color was not lost, it gave a brighter image.
It was Lomonosov who, observing the passage of Venus between the Sun and the Earth, in 1761 established that Venus has an atmosphere. This discovery alone would have been enough for the name of the Russian scientist to remain for centuries. He was the first to establish that the surface of the Sun is a fiery raging ocean, expressed the idea that the tails of comets are the result of the action of electrical forces that emanate from the Sun, which has been confirmed by modern science.
Lomonosov and the Russian language
Lomonosov can rightfully be considered the creator of the Russian scientific language, which began to appear only with Peter I and consisted of Dutch, Polish, German and Latin words. When developing Russian terminology, Lomonosov adhered to the following concept: to translate foreign terms and words into Russian, leave the words untranslated if there is no equivalent Russian word or the foreign word has already become widespread, to give the foreign word a form that is most akin to the Russian language. Many of the terms introduced by Lomonosov still serve science today. With the light hand of Lomonosov, the words barometer, atmosphere, horizon, meteorology, microscope, diameter, optics, formula entered the Russian language.
Lomonosov and alchemy
There is a version that Lomonosov was fond of alchemy and devoted many years to deciphering the texts of the Hyperborean sages, which his father inherited from the sorcerers-shamans. Allegedly, Lomonosov once showed these scrolls to a professor from the University of Marburg, Christian Wolf, and he said: “My friend, this is beyond your power. Leave. Fans of fiction claim that Lomonosov continued his search for the philosopher's stone, and it was thanks to them that the scientist discovered solid mercury. Shortly before his death, the scientist allegedly destroyed both the mysterious scrolls and the records themselves.
For those who are fond of mysticism, it will be interesting to know about where the ghosts of St. Petersburg live.
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