Ancient Roman Saturnalia: Festivities when slaves ruled over their masters
Ancient Roman Saturnalia: Festivities when slaves ruled over their masters

Video: Ancient Roman Saturnalia: Festivities when slaves ruled over their masters

Video: Ancient Roman Saturnalia: Festivities when slaves ruled over their masters
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Saturnalia. Author: Antoine-Franсois Callet
Saturnalia. Author: Antoine-Franсois Callet

The history of slavery in ancient Rome goes back many centuries. The slaves were considered the property of their masters and were forced to put up with their fate. But every year on December 17 in ancient Rome, Saturnalia was celebrated, and everything turned upside down. The Lord served their slaves, and they expressed everything that they think of them, without fear of retribution the next day.

Saturnalia is a holiday in which slaves changed places with their masters
Saturnalia is a holiday in which slaves changed places with their masters

According to the chronicles of the Roman historian Titus Livius, Saturnalia began to be carried out starting from the 5th century BC. NS. They were arranged in honor of the god Saturn, the patron saint of agriculture. Initially, it was a one-day holiday of peasants working in the fields. Several decades later, it turned into a festival for everyone, lasting up to five days.

Roman Saturnalia
Roman Saturnalia

The holiday began with a sacrifice to the god Saturn and the loosening of the woolen ties that bound the statue of the deity. When the priest shouted: "Io, Saturnalia", a general revelry began. Death sentences were not enforced, hostilities were suspended, and gambling was officially permitted. But the most incredible thing is that the slaves could feel free during the holiday.

Ave Caesar! Io, Saturnalia! Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1880
Ave Caesar! Io, Saturnalia! Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1880

Slaves could put on a cap on their heads, which was only allowed for freed slaves. They got drunk, went to gambling houses. Moreover, in many houses, slaves changed places with their masters. Some even changed into the clothes of their masters, and those, in turn, served the slaves. Servants could tell their masters what they thought of them without fear of consequences the next day.

Image
Image

British religious scholar James George Fraser described the situation as follows:

In 312, Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, and Saturnalia was banned as a pagan holiday.

Adoration of the golden calf. N. Poussin
Adoration of the golden calf. N. Poussin

Slaves occupy a significant part in the history of Ancient Rome. There is still debate about whether the gladiators were weak-willed slaves or brave adventurers.

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