Video: Italian baroque
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
"Baroque" - the old sailor clacked her tongue contemptuously, examining another pearl, and, sighing, put it aside. "Baroque" - "Ugly pearl" in the jargon of Mediterranean sailors, a fountain of excesses for a tired person of the New Age.
In the Baroque, everything is excessive, everything is too much. The saints beat in ecstasy, and joy, and suffering, and the joy of suffering. Everything flows, everything changes. Architecture turns into painting, and that, into sculpture, and further, further. Doors several times surpassing human growth, suites are trompe l'oeil, through which even a child cannot pass. … Game and mystery in everything. What is it made of? And is this heaven above us just a deception?
Baroque interiors include frescoes, gilding, sculpture, marble, carving, stucco and metal, all subordinated to one idea, a composition that soars in height. The illusion of squares became very popular at that time throughout Europe. The walls dissolved into the gardens, the ceiling went into the sky. The Italian artist A. Pozzo, who has made many frescoes-quadratures in his life, wrote a very impressive treatise on this topic, "Picturesque and Architectural Perspective", in which he described in detail the principles of building perspective on such huge working surfaces, and with this he probably greatly helped his to contemporaries in decorating chic newfangled interiors.
Marble in Italy has always remained one of the favorite finishing materials, but not everyone could afford it. Usually, real marble was only used for flooring. The fashion for colored marble wall cladding is associated with the famous Italian architect Bernini. He used this finish as a rule for church interiors. The townspeople, even the noble ones, were given such excesses with difficulty. Therefore, the finto marmo technique, wood painted under marble, has become widespread. This method of decoration was adopted literally throughout Europe. Another popular Italian technique, stucco, reached its peak at this time. Paintings and frescoes in most cases were framed with white or gilded stucco decor. Furniture of this time is subordinated to the interior. In general, in the Baroque era, such a concept as an ensemble begins to take root. The unity of all details, subordinate to one common idea. Baroque furniture is heavy forms, lush carved decor, wood, bronze, marble, glass, etc.
At this time, the famous Italian chests fell out of use. They are replaced by spacious wardrobes, offices and bureaus. In general, furniture is becoming more comfortable to live in. Curvilinear forms and curved cornices are characteristic of the cabinets. Panels of doors are often decorated with inlays, inserts of colored stone mosaic, or marquetry, colored wooden mosaic. Wardrobes are popular. They have become an integral part of the ceremonial palace furnishings. The room, furnished with several such things, was called the "Study". This furniture was very much appreciated and was often presented as an elegant gift. All of Europe took a fancy for offices, and over time, their shape and decor began to bear a national imprint. The furniture for seating: chairs, armchairs, stools is also solemn. It is fully consistent with her modern concepts of convenience. It was upholstered with dark velvet or embroidered cloth (fabric with interwoven gold or silver threads).
Small tables with inlaid or marquetry are popular and play a decorative role. Amusing things, figurines, vases, clocks were put on them. They were decorated with massive carvings, which are generously gilded or painted in the form of putti and cupids, cheerful pagan deities, eagles, and lions. A technique appears - one support instead of four. The most popular and favorite material is walnut. In England, it began to be used so often that in the history of decorative art this era was called the "walnut period." When processing curved surfaces, very small pieces of veneer were used. So, in fact, marquetry appeared (from the French - "speckled with signs"). During this period, several large tapestry Manufactories were founded in Italy. Italian woolen fabrics and printed velvet have become famous throughout Europe, they were often used in interior decoration and when upholstered furniture.
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