Table of contents:
- How did Andrei Yuryevich show himself before reigning in Vladimir?
- "Power vertical" according to Bogolyubsky
- Why did the boyars "sharpen their teeth" on the prince, or the reasons for the emergence of the boyar opposition
- How was Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky killed?
- How was the fate of the conspirators?
Video: Who and why raised his hand against the son of the founder of Moscow: The cruel massacre of Prince Bogolyubsky
2024 Author: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 23:55
Andrei Yurievich Bogolyubsky was the first Grand Duke who tried to bring autocracy to life and make the city of his principality, Vladimir, the capital of Russia. The plan was not carried out: at the age of 63, the son of the founder of Moscow, Yuri Dolgorukov, dies at the hands of conspirators. Boyars, some because of personal revenge, and some because of hatred of the new order, unite to kill the prince, hoping for a more convenient ruler to come. Despite the tragically interrupted plans, Bogolyubsky remained in history as the first national leader of Russia, who created his own vertical of power and dreamed of ending the tribal strife in this way.
How did Andrei Yuryevich show himself before reigning in Vladimir?
There is practically no historical data on the life of Bogolyubsky before the age of 35. Later it is known that in 1146 he helped his elder brother Rostislav in exile from Ryazan Rostislav Yaroslavovich, who supported the Kiev prince Izyaslav Mstislavovich. Three years later, Andrei Bogolyubsky took part in the campaign against Volyn, already against Izyaslav himself, and distinguished himself with valor in an attempt to seize Lutsk by storm.
Together with his father, at 41, Andrei became a participant in the siege of Chernigov, which lasted 12 days and ended in failure. According to the chroniclers, during this period the prince was seriously wounded, trying to break through the defenses of the city walls with his comrades. In 1153, he received the Ryazan principality from his father, but was soon expelled from it by Rostislav Yaroslavovich, who returned with the Polovtsy.
In 1154, after Yuri Dolgorukov came to power in Kiev, Andrei became the ruler of Vyshgorod. A year later, despite his father's dissatisfaction, he leaves for Vladimir-on-Klyazma, in order to eventually turn an unknown town into a full-fledged capital of his principality.
"Power vertical" according to Bogolyubsky
After the death of his father, Andrei Bogolyubsky did not get involved in the struggle for supremacy in Kiev, but began building a vertical of power in his Rostov-Vladimir-Suzdal lands. Moreover, he began to do this not by personal instructions, but through council decisions of representatives of the clergy and delegates from different estates. In 1162, having expelled from the Rostov-Suzdal principality of the brothers and nephews, as well as the squad that served the late father, Bogolyubsky becomes the only "autocrat of the entire Suzdal land."
The prince refuses to support the tribal boyars and surrounds himself with "mercenaries" - junior warriors who receive plots of the principality from Bogolyubsky for local ownership. Ignoring the discontent of the boyars and the veche, he establishes his own rules - he begins to dispose of the princes and elevate the "little fingers" people, placing them at the head of the local government.
Why did the boyars "sharpen their teeth" on the prince, or the reasons for the emergence of the boyar opposition
There are several versions trying to explain the reasons for the boyar discontent, which ended in the conspiracy and murder of Bogolyubsky. The first version is the revenge of the Kuchkovich boyars. It is believed that the reason for the latent anger at the prince was first the actions of his father, Yuri Dolgorukov. Allegedly, having specially killed one of the relatives of the Kuchkovichs, he appropriated his lands and numerous villages. Later, the daughter of the murdered Ulita marries Dolgorukov's son, Andrei, who, after a while, executes her brother for some atrocity. As a result, another brother - Peter - begins to hatch plans on how to deal with the enemy.
The second version is a struggle for power and disagreement with the current policy. Here, his brothers Vsevolod and Mikhail, with their nephews Yaropolk and Mstislav, are considered to be responsible for the death of the prince. Dissatisfied with the sole rule and its results, the relatives organize an attempt on the prince's life, using for this the boyars who have long-term grievances against Bogolyubsky.
The third version is a conflict with the Kiev Metropolitan. Andrei Bogolyubsky actively fought for independence from Kiev and negotiated the creation of his metropolis in Vladimir. Not wanting to lose influence and significance for the cities of Russia, the Kiev patriarch, according to this version, sends hired killers to deal with the prince, destroying with him the impending threat of dual power.
Unsuccessful attempts to capture Kiev and Vyshgorod in 1173 exacerbated the already existing disagreements with prominent boyars. The tension between them and Bogolyubsky reached a peak and led to the formation of a group of conspirators, who determined as their goal the physical destruction of the prince.
How was Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky killed?
The assassination was planned and carried out on June 29, 1174. According to the surviving chronicle, events developed as follows: at night, when the prince went to sleep, they knocked on his bedroom, introducing themselves as the name of the faithful servant of Bogolyubsky. Determining by his voice that this is a deception, and a drunken crowd is standing outside the door, Andrei Yuryevich rushes after the sword, and does not find it - the key keeper, who has joined the conspirators, takes out the weapon on the eve of the planned attack. Having broken down the door, the armed people rush at the prince, and, despite fierce resistance, seriously wound him.
Confident in the death of the victim, the conspirators go to the wine cellars for another dose of alcohol. Bogolyubsky, on the other hand, comes to his senses and tries to escape - he crawls down the stairs in the hope of hiding from his pursuers. This cannot be done, since the killers find him on a bloody trail and try to finish him off. However, their attempts the second time did not distinguish themselves with accuracy: as an examination of the remains carried out in 2007 revealed, the prince still died not from damage to some internal organ, but from acute blood loss due to damage to the subclavian artery when injured in the shoulder.
How was the fate of the conspirators?
The head of the conspirators, who were joined by the boyars close to the prince, was Pyotr Kuchkovich. Until 2015, historians had only three names out of 20 who took part in the murder, these are Ambal Kuchkovich, Yakim Kuchkovich and the aforementioned Pyotr. A complete list of the prince's executioners was found in Pereslavl-Zalessky: while restoring the Transfiguration Cathedral, experts came across a list of names hollowed out on the wall of the temple. There was also a short description of the tragedy, as well as the words of curses and wishes of eternal torment to the murderers.
The events after the violent death of Andrei Bogolyubsky developed in such a way that his executioners barely survived the victim. Vsevolod the Big Nest, who came to power in 1176 - the younger brother of the murdered prince - ordered the execution of the conspirators in order to prevent the habit of overthrowing the rulers objectionable to the boyars in this way.
Another iconic personality of that time, causing a lot of controversy to this day - Prince of Novgorod Alexander Nevsky.
Recommended:
3 marriages and later happiness of Yuri Bogatikov: Why did the famous performer confess his feelings to his wife only shortly before his departure
He was called "the marshal of the Soviet song", he was a star of the same magnitude as Joseph Kobzon and Muslim Magomayev. “Dark mounds are sleeping” and “Listen, mother-in-law” were sung with him by millions of listeners. Yuri Bogatikov had many admirers and admirers, but he did not immediately find his happiness, and he did not recognize it on the first try. The singer was very fond of the woman who was next to him in the last years of his life, but he could tell her about his feelings only shortly before his departure
Ilya Oleinikov and Denis Klyaver: Why did the son hide his relationship with his father and abandoned his surname
The children of famous parents use the chances given to them by fate in different ways: someone is proud of his loud surname and does not hide the fact that it helps to build a successful career, and someone does not advertise kinship in order to avoid comparisons and achieve success on their own. The son of the famous artist Ilya Oleinikov bore a different surname, and only after he left he told about their difficult relationship and why for many years no one knew who his father was
How Hitler's parents raised a tyrant and what role did his father play in his life
If this woman had lived longer, world history could have taken a different path. Adolf Hitler's mother was not just a parent for him, but the only person to whom he felt sincere affection. Relations with his father influenced not only his character, but also made him in the end what he became not just for an entire era, but in world history as a whole
Behind the scenes of "Cruel Romance": Why did the locals take up arms against the film crew, and the actors almost died
In 1984, the film "Cruel Romance" was released, which is still very popular among domestic cinema audiences. But few people know that the director Eldar Ryazanov has repeatedly cursed his decision to film the Russian classics, and the residents of Kostroma wrote complaints to local authorities asking them to ban the filming. But this is nothing compared to the fact that the actors Nikita Mikhalkov and Andrei Myagkov were on the verge of death. Not surprisingly, both the film crew and the locals
Why Repin's son took his own life, and his grandson was shot for his dream of becoming an artist
There is such a concept: “in children is our continuation” and, of course, every parent wants it, this continuation, to be worthy and far-reaching. About how the fate of the heirs of the master of Russian painting Ilya Repin developed, namely the only son of Yuri, who became an artist, and one of the grandchildren, who had only dreamed of becoming one all his short life, further in the review