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Everything new is well stolen old: Plagiarism, imitation, coincidences, clones in the history of painting
Everything new is well stolen old: Plagiarism, imitation, coincidences, clones in the history of painting

Video: Everything new is well stolen old: Plagiarism, imitation, coincidences, clones in the history of painting

Video: Everything new is well stolen old: Plagiarism, imitation, coincidences, clones in the history of painting
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1 Leon Bazile Perrault "Young seamstress". / 2. Eugenie Maria Salanson
1 Leon Bazile Perrault "Young seamstress". / 2. Eugenie Maria Salanson

Recently, it has become fashionable in the art world to call any creative borrowing plagiarismor even theft. The use by masters of ideas, plots, techniques, compositional and color solutions, unique creative finds of other artists is an ancient phenomenon, like art itself, which is difficult to give an objective assessment.

Plagiarism or imitation

It is difficult to steal someone else's thought of a master who carries it in his head until he brings it to life. It is as easy as shelling pears to assimilate a thought that has acquired some form. It is the theft and appropriation of other people's materials that is plagiarism, which can be compared with ordinary theft.

1. K. E. Makovsky. From the series "Boyar Rus".2. V. A. Nagornov. "Lady-Madame"
1. K. E. Makovsky. From the series "Boyar Rus".2. V. A. Nagornov. "Lady-Madame"

This negative phenomenon has worried artists at all times, since the idea, storyline, compositional construction and color scheme are undoubtedly the intellectual property of the master.

1. Adolphe-William Bouguereau. "Caught Butterfly".2. Nikas Safronov. "Angel"
1. Adolphe-William Bouguereau. "Caught Butterfly".2. Nikas Safronov. "Angel"

There are many examples when artists, inspired by the works of classics or their contemporaries, took as a basis either a plot or a composition and reworked them in their own way, put in all their skill and experience, which ultimately gave works that reflect their creative individual vision. and sometimes even surpassed the originals.

1. Vladislav Chakhorsky. "The Lady in the Lilac Dress." 2. Giovanni Costa. "Young girl with flowers."
1. Vladislav Chakhorsky. "The Lady in the Lilac Dress." 2. Giovanni Costa. "Young girl with flowers."

In the visual arts, as an example, this phenomenon can often be seen among English artists who relied in their work on the tradition of Italian art of the 15th century of the early Renaissance. The classics of other times sinned with this, and contemporaries also sin with this.

1. Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt "The Girl at the Window" (1645). Dalich Art Gallery, London, UK 2. Rembrandt Peel "The Girl in the Window (Portrait of Rosalba Peel)". (1846). 3. Thomas Sully "The Girl in the Window"
1. Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt "The Girl at the Window" (1645). Dalich Art Gallery, London, UK 2. Rembrandt Peel "The Girl in the Window (Portrait of Rosalba Peel)". (1846). 3. Thomas Sully "The Girl in the Window"

At its core, imitation is following an example, a model. It so happens that not having his own ideas, his own manner of writing, the artist uses ready-made works of masters for samples, depriving himself of the need to work on increasing his own potential.

1. Patrick William Adam. "Morning room". (1916). 2. Maria Shcherbinina. "After breakfast". (1990)
1. Patrick William Adam. "Morning room". (1916). 2. Maria Shcherbinina. "After breakfast". (1990)
1. Adolphe-William Bouguereau. "Sisters". 2. Konstantin Makovsky. "Children running from a thunderstorm."
1. Adolphe-William Bouguereau. "Sisters". 2. Konstantin Makovsky. "Children running from a thunderstorm."

On the other hand, borrowing ideas in painting has a positive impact, since the artist, using them for his further work, develops and improves the already embodied thought by another author. To some extent, this is an impetus to the creation and development of their creative activity.

1. Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev "Unequal marriage" (1862). 2. Edmund Blair Leighton "Until Death Do Us Part" (1878)
1. Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev "Unequal marriage" (1862). 2. Edmund Blair Leighton "Until Death Do Us Part" (1878)
1. Georg Friedrich "Children at the Window" (1813). 2. Johann Baptiste Reiter "Children at the Window". (1865)
1. Georg Friedrich "Children at the Window" (1813). 2. Johann Baptiste Reiter "Children at the Window". (1865)
1. Titian "Venus at the Mirror" (1554-55). National Gallery of Art, Washington. 2. Rubens "Venus and Cupid". (1608). Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid, Spain
1. Titian "Venus at the Mirror" (1554-55). National Gallery of Art, Washington. 2. Rubens "Venus and Cupid". (1608). Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid, Spain
1. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres "Raphael and Fornarina". (1814), Harvard University Museum 2. Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt "Self-portrait with Saskia on her knees." (1635-1636). Dresden, Picture Gallery
1. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres "Raphael and Fornarina". (1814), Harvard University Museum 2. Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt "Self-portrait with Saskia on her knees." (1635-1636). Dresden, Picture Gallery
1. Alexander Roslin. "Portrait of Marie-Suzanne Roslin". 2. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. "The Lady in the Triangular Hat". (1755-60)
1. Alexander Roslin. "Portrait of Marie-Suzanne Roslin". 2. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. "The Lady in the Triangular Hat". (1755-60)
1. Velazquez. "Venus in front of the mirror." 2. Ignacio Diaz Olano. "Nude". (1895)
1. Velazquez. "Venus in front of the mirror." 2. Ignacio Diaz Olano. "Nude". (1895)
1. Michelangelo Buonarotti "Cleopatra's Head". (1533/34) 2. Giorgio Vasari "Cleopatra's Head". (1550)
1. Michelangelo Buonarotti "Cleopatra's Head". (1533/34) 2. Giorgio Vasari "Cleopatra's Head". (1550)
1. Rafael Santi
1. Rafael Santi

Twin paintings by the same author in different years

The most striking example of the creation of several copies of the same work by the same master are paintings by Titian Vecellio, where you can clearly see how the artist's view of the image of Danaë or Mary Magdalene has changed over twenty years.

1. Titian Vecellio "Danae" (1544-45). National Museum of Capodi Monte, Naples, Italy. 2. Titian Vecellio. Danae (1553). Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. 3. Titian Vecellio. Danae (1553-54). Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain 4 Titian Vecellio. Danae (1564). History and Art Museum, Vienna, Austria
1. Titian Vecellio "Danae" (1544-45). National Museum of Capodi Monte, Naples, Italy. 2. Titian Vecellio. Danae (1553). Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. 3. Titian Vecellio. Danae (1553-54). Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain 4 Titian Vecellio. Danae (1564). History and Art Museum, Vienna, Austria
Image
Image
1. Tizian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. 2 Titian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". Private collection. 3 Titian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". Paul Getty Museum (USA). 4. Titian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". Museum in Florence
1. Tizian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. 2 Titian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". Private collection. 3 Titian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". Paul Getty Museum (USA). 4. Titian Vecellio. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". Museum in Florence

Remarkably, in all four of Titian's paintings, the same model is depicted in the image of the Magdalene - Julia Festina.

1. Dante Gabriel Rossetti Blessed Beatrice. (1864). Tate Gallery 2. Dante Gabriel Rossetti Blessed Beatrice. (1871-72). Art Institute of Chicago
1. Dante Gabriel Rossetti Blessed Beatrice. (1864). Tate Gallery 2. Dante Gabriel Rossetti Blessed Beatrice. (1871-72). Art Institute of Chicago

As you can see from the selection of reproductions, the ideas inherent in art are too diverse, and it is difficult to determine the degree of their borrowing or plagiarism, because in any case, each artist put his hand, his thoughts, his creative approach to the creation.

In my time Titian Vecellio was accused of stealing the plot a friend of his when creating the painting "Venus of Urbino", however, depicting women in this position during the time of Titian was a widespread practice. And the fact of plagiarism has not been proven.

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